This book makes a systematic summary and analysis of the development process, research status characteristics, development trend, and prospects of ecology discipline in China in the past 40 years. Discipline areas include theoretical ecology, population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology, landscape ecology, regional ecology, global change, ecology, animal ecology, insect ecology, plant ecology, microbial ecology, forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, wetland ecology, lake ecology, watershed ecology, marine ecology, agriculture ecology, urban ecology, soil ecology, pollution ecology, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem service function, sustainable development ecology, restoration ecology, shelter forest ecology, biological invasion and control, industrial ecology, ecological engineering, tour-ecology, ethnic ecology, ecological culture, molecular ecology, chemical ecology, stable isotope ecology, ecological remote sensing, long-term ecology, the ecology of the Loess Plateau, the ecology of karst region, the ecology of arid area of northwest China, as well as the ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This book can be used as a reference for researchers, teachers, graduate students, and undergraduates who are engaged in the research, teaching and learning of ecology and related fields, as well as for decision-making by management departments of ecology relevant business.